Risk managers at the European Commission and in EU Member States have been informed of EFSA’s conclusions and will consider appropriate action to take to ensure consumers’ protection.
Phthalates on the fast-food menu:Chemicals linked to health problems found at McDonalds, Taco Bell
The inception and evolution of lithopone can be traced back through various industries and diverse applications. Revered for its robust hiding power, this white pigment, also called sulfide of zinc white, has been an invaluable asset to industries requiring a durable and reliable white pigment. Lithopone was an economical and functional solution as an alternative to lead carbonate, which is prone to change, and zinc oxide, known for its brittleness.
In conclusion, the manufacturers in the 1317-80-2% sector are more than just producers; they are catalysts of progress and drivers of change. Their role extends beyond the factory walls, impacting the lives of millions through the products they create. They embody the spirit of innovation, responsibility, and collaboration, ensuring the continued advancement and prosperity of the industries they serve. As the world continues to evolve, so will these manufacturers, adapting to new challenges and opportunities, shaping the future of the chemical landscape.The so-called “barrier effect” makes it possible to achieve good anti-corrosion protection in primers.
Both 28B301 and 30B311 are white pigments with high brightness and excellent covering power. They are commonly used in coatings, plastics, rubber, and paper industries. The main difference between these two grades lies in their particle size distribution. 28B301 has a smaller particle size, resulting in higher opacity and better dispersion. On the other hand, 30B311 has a larger particle size, which makes it more suitable for applications that require good rheological properties.
The skin of an adult person is, in most places, covered with a relatively thick (∼10 μm) barrier of keratinised dead cells. One of the main questions is still whether TiO2 NPs are able to penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin. The majority of studies suggest that TiO2 NPs, neither uncoated nor coated (SiO2, Al2O3 and SiO2/Al2O3) of different crystalline structures, penetrate normal animal or human skin. However, in most of these studies the exposures were short term (up to 48 h); only few long-term or repeated exposure studies have been published. Wu et al.83 have shown that dermal application of nano-TiO2 of different crystal structures and sizes (4–90 nm) to pig ears for 30 days did not result in penetration of NPs beyond deep epidermis. On the other hand, in the same study the authors reported dermal penetration of TiO2 NPs with subsequent appearance of lesions in multiple organs in hairless mice, that were dermal exposed to nano-TiO2 for 60 days. However, the relevance of this study for human exposure is not conclusive because hairless mice skin has abnormal hair follicles, and mice stratum corneum has higher lipid content than human stratum corneum, which may contribute to different penetration. Recently Sadrieh et al. performed a 4 week dermal exposure to three different TiO2 particles (uncoated submicron-sized, uncoated nano-sized and coated nano-sized) in 5 % sunscreen formulation with minipigs. They found elevated titanium levels in epidermis, dermis and in inguinal lymph nodes, but not in precapsular and submandibular lymph nodes and in liver. With the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis the authors confirmed presence of few TiO2 particles in dermis and calculated that uncoated nano-sized TiO2 particles observed in dermis represented only 0.00008 % of the total applied amount of TiO2 particles. Based on the same assumptions used by the authors in their calculations it can be calculated that the total number of particles applied was 1.8 × 1013 /cm2 and of these 1.4 x107/cm2 penetrated. The surface area of skin in humans is around 1.8 m2 and for sun protection the cream is applied over whole body, which would mean that 4 week usage of such cream with 5 % TiO2 would result in penetration of totally 2.6 × 1010 particles. Although Sadrieh et al.concluded that there was no significant penetration of TiO2 NPs through intact normal epidermis, the results are not completely confirmative.
Recent analyses of food-grade TiO2 samples have found that a significant portion of particles may be within the nanoscale. These particles (also known as nanoparticles) range in size from 1 to 100 nm, where 1 nm equals 1 billionth of a metre (the width of a typical human hair is 80,000 to 100,000 nm).
Although the evidence for general toxic effects was not conclusive, on the basis of the new data and strengthened methods our scientists could not rule out a concern for genotoxicity and consequently they could not establish a safe level for daily intake of TiO2 as a food additive.
Moreover, wholesale lithopone B301 factories often engage in research and development activities aimed at improving the pigment's performance and exploring new applicationsThe color of barium sulphate, predominantly white, plays a crucial role in its identification and application across various industries. With the demand for high-quality barium sulphate soaring, choosing the right supplier becomes vital. Businesses must consider factors like purity, particle size, regulatory compliance, and customer service when sourcing barium sulphate to ensure they receive a product that meets their stringent requirements. As industries continue to evolve, reliable suppliers will remain indispensable in providing the necessary materials to support innovations and advancements.
This article discusses the discovery of phosphorescent lithopone on watercolor drawings by American artist John La Farge dated between 1890 and 1905 and the history of lithopone in the pigment industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Despite having many desirable qualities for use in white watercolor or oil paints, the development of lithopone as an artists' pigment was hampered by its tendency to darken in sunlight. Its availability to, and adoption by, artists remain unclear, as colormen's trade catalogs were generally not explicit in describing white pigments as containing lithopone. Further, lithopone may be mistaken for lead white during visual examination and its short-lived phosphorescence can be easily missed by the uninformed observer. Phosphorescent lithopone has been documented on only one other work-to-date: a watercolor by Van Gogh. In addition to the history of lithopone's manufacture, the article details the mechanism for its phosphorescence and its identification aided by Raman spectroscopy and spectrofluorimetry.
The production of titanium dioxide powder has significant environmental impacts, primarily due to the energy-intensive nature of the chloride process Titanium Dioxide R605, often abbreviated as TiO2 R605, is a high-quality, premium-grade pigment that boasts an array of benefits. As a powder coating, it offers superior durability, resistance to UV degradation, and excellent color retention. Its chemical stability and heat resistance make it ideal for use in harsh environments, ensuring longevity and maintaining aesthetic appeal even under extreme conditions. 2. LanxessOverwhelmingly, research that’s relevant to human eating patterns shows us that E171 is safe when ingested normally through foods and drugs (1,2).
When E171 is part of a food product, it passes through the digestive system without causing harm because E171 combines with the other ingredients.
Lithopone is used in water-based paints because of its excellent alkali resistance. It is also used as a whitener and reinforcing agent for rubber and as a filler and whitener for paper.