You can find more information about EFSA’s work in the area of food additives on our website
Overall, titanium dioxide is a versatile chemical compound with numerous applications in various industries. Its unique properties, such as its high whiteness, brightness, and photocatalytic activity, make it an indispensable material in many different products and processes. As research continues to explore new uses for this remarkable compound, we can expect to see even more innovative applications in the future.As mentioned above, these oxide NPs are harmful in part because both anatase and rutile forms are semiconductors and produce ROS. Particularly, P25 kind has band-gap energies estimated of 3.2 and 3.0 eV, equivalent to radiation wavelengths of approximately 388 and 414 nm, respectively. Irradiation at these wavelengths or below produces a separation of charge, resulting in a hole in the valence band and a free electron in the conduction band, due to the electron movement from the valence to conduction bands. These hole–electron pairs generate ROS when they interact with H2O or O2 [43,44]. It was described that they can cause an increase in ROS levels after exposure to UV-visible light [45]. The NBT assay in the studied samples showed that bare P25TiO2NPs produce a large amount of ROS, which is drastically reduced by functionalization with vitamin B2 (Fig. 5). This vitamin, also known as riboflavin, was discovered in 1872 as a yellow fluorescent pigment, [46] but its function as an essential vitamin for humans was established more than sixty years later, and its antioxidant capacity was not studied until the end of the XX century [47,48]. This antioxidant role in cells is partially explained because the glutathione reductase enzyme (GR) requires it for good functionality. This enzyme is the one in charge of the conversion of oxidized glutathione to its reduced form which acts as a powerful inner antioxidant and can quench the ROS [49,50]. The cost of this action is that the glutathione is converted to the oxidized form and needs to be recovered by the GR. Consequently, the cells need more vitamin B2. Another glutathione action is the protection against hydroperoxide. This activity is also mediated by riboflavin. Therefore, local delivery of this vitamin seems to significantly help the cells in their fight to keep the oxidative balance, once they are exposed to high levels of ROS.
Dongfang Titanium Industry R-5568 titanium dioxide with zinc salt stabilizer, zirconium, aluminum, silicon coating. It has the characteristics of high blue phase, easy dispersion, high weather resistance, high hiding power, low oil absorption, good system compatibility, and excellent processing rheology. It is a high-quality titanium dioxide for plastics. Dongfang Titanium R-5568 titanium dioxide is recommended to be widely used in polyolefin, PVC, ABS, PS and other color masterbatches, profiles, plates and pipes, and can also be used in leather color paste, oily paint and other industries.
BaSO4 + 4C=BaS + 4CO
Rutile titanium dioxide is known for its exceptional whiteness, high refractive index, and excellent durability under UV light. It is produced using various methods, but MBR9668 stands out due to its superior microstructure and unique surface treatment, which provide enhanced dispersion and stability in coatings. This makes it ideal for use in applications where long-lasting brightness and resistance to chalking and fading are crucial.
Prof Matthew Wright, both a member of the FAF Panel and chair of EFSA’s working group on E 171, said: “Although the evidence for general toxic effects was not conclusive, on the basis of the new data and strengthened methods we could not rule out a concern for genotoxicity and consequently we could not establish a safe level for daily intake of the food additive.”
TIO2, also known as titanium dioxide, is a white pigment that is widely used in various industries such as paints, plastics, paper, and cosmetics. Its unique properties make it an ideal choice for many applications. One of the most significant advantages of TIO2 is its high refractive index, which allows it to reflect light more efficiently than other pigments. This results in brighter and more vibrant colors that are highly sought after by consumers. The use of barium sulfate boards is not limited to conventional radiography; it extends to advanced imaging techniques such as fluoroscopy and computed tomography (CT). During a fluoroscopic procedure, real-time images are captured as the patient swallows or is injected with the barium solution, allowing for the observation of the GI tract's dynamic processes such as peristalsis and the opening of sphincters.Titanium dioxide nanoparticles may accumulate and cause DNA damage
French researchers studied how and where E171 nanoparticles enter the bloodstream, first studying the route through pigs and then in vitro with human buccal cells, for a 2023 study published in the journal Nanotoxicology. The research showed that the nanoparticles absorbed quickly through the mouth and then into the bloodstream, before damaging DNA and hindering cell regeneration.
A TiO2 concrete factory also focuses on sustainability. The use of TiO2 can actually enhance the photocatalytic properties of concrete, allowing it to break down air pollutants under sunlight. This 'self-cleaning' ability not only improves air quality but also reduces the maintenance required for the concrete surfaces.